TNF and psychiatric disorder: The main findings can be summarized as the followings: inflammation and somatic diseases comprising immuno-inflammatory processes increase the risk of psychiatric disorders; pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6, are generally found at increased levels in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and serum of patients with psychiatric disorders; and pro-inflammatory agents induce psychiatric symptoms, which can be treated with antipsychotics.