GAL and hepatocellular carcinoma: Our results showed that presence of lactose could almost completely abolish the inhibition of PK5-RL-Gal-3C on HCC cell proliferation but not sucrose (Fig. 5C), which suggested that rPK5-RL-Gal-3C could target HCC cell proliferation in a Gal-3C-dependent manner, and PK5 enhanced its inhibitory function.