Interestingly, the top 10 significant genes were somewhat similar to another RRA analysis from our previous study in ulcerative colitis (UC) (five upregulated genes: DUOX2, SLC6A14, MMP3, REG1A, and REG1B; and five downregulated genes: AQP8, HMGCS2, PCK1, SLC26A2, and ABCG2), indicating high homogeneity in clinical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)33. Here, PCK1 is linked to ulcerative colitis.