CD38 and acute myeloid leukemia: Using the immunophenotypic features of LSCs in AML, several researchers were able to discriminate neoplastic- from benign stem cells in MDS by demonstrating that CD25, CD44, CD45RA, CD47, CD123, CD366, CD371 and IL1RAP are aberrantly expressed by MDS-derived CD34+CD38− cells [24–32].