CSF2 and neoplasm: For example, a whole-cell GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, also called CSF-2) vaccine in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide was reported to enhance the antigen-presenting function of the dendritic cells, neutralize the immune regulation of inhibitory Tregs (regulatory T cells), and promote activation of tumor-specific CD8 + T cells [109].