CD4 and neoplasm: ACM derived from OGJ patients with early-stage tumours and late-stage tumours significantly decreased the frequency of terminally differentiated effector memory CD4+ T cells (untrx: 21.13 ± 2.0 vs. early-stage: 13.11 ± 2.2%, p = 0.04 and late-stage: 12.80 ± 1.6%, p = 0.001) and terminally differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells compared with untreated cells (untrx: 28.15 ± 2.4 vs. late-stage: 17.07 ± 1.9%, p = 0.05, and late-stage: 16.85 ± 1.6%, p = 0.01) (Fig. 1B).