CD8A and neoplasm: ACM derived from OGJ patients with early-stage tumours and late-stage tumours significantly increased the frequency of Th1-like CD8+ cells compared with untreated cells (untrx: 43.65 ± 1.5 vs. early-stage: 52.64 ± 2.8 p = 0.01, and late-stage: 56.79 ± 2.6%, p = 0.003) (Fig. 3A).