ACM derived from OGJ patients with early-stage and late-stage tumours significantly increased the expression of A2aR on the surface of CD4+ T cells (untrx: 0.21 ± 0.03 vs. early-stage: 1.24 ± 0.3%, p = 0.01, late-stage: 2.41 ± 0.6%, p = 0.007) and CD8+ T cells (untrx: 0.54 ± 0.07 vs. early-stage: 2.33 ± 0.7%, p = 0.03, late-stage: 4.97 ± 1.6%, p = 0.02) compared with untreated cells (Fig. 2A). Here, ADORA2A is linked to neoplasm.