VCP and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: In Alzheimer’s disease, the expression of CCT5 is decreased and mutation of CCT5 leads to sensory neuropathy.42 Interestingly, EEF1D is not only a translation elongation factor, but the long isoform is also a transcription factor that induces heat-shock–responsive genes.43 In summary, chaperones and proteins involved in stress response are co-localized more abundantly with RNAPII in the VCP-mutant cells.