To understand the potential effect of VCP mutations on RNAPII function in neurodegeneration, we used human iPS cells obtained from ALS patients with heterozygous VCP mutation, which were previously used as cellular models of ALS phenotypes.15 The cells were differentiated to neuronal precursors to resemble a model of early events during neurodegeneration (Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene VCP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.