TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: RA is an AID with systemic and chronic inflammation in joints and increased levels of autoantibodies.[25] RA is significantly associated with immunosenescence and increases with aging, which has been considered a common age-related disease.[26] Increased production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ, has been observed in RA.[26,27] Many studies have reported the mechanism and effects of aging-associated T cells in RA, but there are no well-reported studies on ABCs.