Patients with a medium risk for AWS were defined as patients with active alcohol dependence per patient's reporting plus two of the following criteria: two or more days since last drink, or an elevated BAL >0.1 g/dL on admission, or symptoms of autonomic dysfunction with the BAL >0.1 g/dL, or elevated MCV, or AST:ALT ratio ≥1.5:1.28-31. Here, GPT is linked to Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology.