Phenotypically, exogenous TGF-β1 without OM induced mild albeit significant dose-dependent increase in AR positively stained nodules (Figure 1C, 1D, upper row), while TGF-β1 cotreated with OM led to more prominent increase in AR positive nodules compared to that in OM-only and the control groups (Figure 1C, 1D, lower row). Here, AR is linked to ocular melanoma.