After adjustment for age, year of peritonitis, diabetes, serum albumin before and after peritonitis and causative organisms in the Model 3, the PD duration (OR: 1.449, 95% CI: 1.024–2.050, p = .036), white blood cell count at diagnosis (OR: 1.413, 95% CI: 1.119–1.785, p = .004), dWBC on day 3 (OR: 1.173, 95% CI: 1.063–1.295, p = .002) were independent risk factors for treatment failure, whereas female (OR: 0.134, 95% CI: 0.021–0.846, p = .033) and serum phosphorus level (before peritonitis) were protective factors (OR: 0.069, 95% CI: 0.007–0.671, p = .021). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.