The increase in IL-1β not only disrupts the alveolar septum and leads to abnormal pulmonary protein deposition but also inhibits the production of pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor in neonatal mice and interferes with capillary development, which is considered to be closely related to the development of BPD in premature infants [31]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.