Measurements taken 120 min after glucose intake show that the participants with CKD had significantly lower serum BDNF levels than those without CKD (15.4 ± 6.0 vs. 17.9 ± 7.6 ng/mL, P = 0.004), whereas the corresponding glucose and insulin levels did not differ significantly between these two groups. Here, BDNF is linked to chronic kidney disease.