In addition, the participants with CKD were significantly older (69 ± 11 vs. 58 ± 11 years, P < 0.001) and had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (83% vs. 64%, P < 0.001), a higher systolic blood pressure (132 ± 18 vs. 126 ± 18 mmHg, P = 0.002), and a higher CRP (3.3 ± 3.0 vs. 2.2 ± 2.2 mg/L) than the participants without CKD. Here, CRP is linked to chronic kidney disease.