On the contrary, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Smad2/3/4, p-Smad2, and p38 was downregulated, implying that OM could inhibit the TGF-β pathway activation and EMT in CRC by reducing the p38-dependent increase in PAI-1 expression (Fig. 7). Here, SMAD2 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.