ANXA5 and rheumatoid arthritis: As shown in Fig. 1d and Supplementary Fig. 6, 66.8% of the PtdSer-presenting nanoparticles were determined to bind to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-annexin V in a solution of 0.1 mM H2O2, while this value was merely 19.8% in the PBS control group, indicating that oxidative stress in RA tissues could convert PtdSer-NBC of the nanoimitator into PtdSer.