TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Multiple studies employing animal models of inflammatory bowel disease showed that resveratrol exerted anti-inflammatory action via targeting various molecular targets and signaling pathways (e.g. NF-κb, Sirtuin-1 [SIRT1], mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α], microRNA [miRNAs], nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [NRF2], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFα], and autophagy) [51].