Their biological actions include: regulating the activation of immune cells and the expression of cytokines [75]; decreasing inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathways [76]; and inhibiting differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells into myofibroblasts and hence hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptor 1 and SMAD2/3 [77, 78]. Here, STAT3 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.