Another Japanese group [39] evaluated PD-1 and CD8 gene expression levels in gastric tumors and found that those with low PD-1 and CD8 mRNA had significantly poorer overall survival; these findings support our findings observed in the three orthogonal validation cohorts where high PDCD1 and CD8 mRNA levels was associated with improved survival. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is gastric neoplasm.