Shen and colleagues recently evaluated the role of both circulating and tumor-infiltrating PD-1 positive CD8 T-cells; PD-1 positive CD8 T-cells were elevated in gastric tumors compared to normal tissue or circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but elevated percentages of PD-1 positive CD8 cells in gastric tumors were not prognostic for overall survival in their study. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.