We found that lung cancer patients with either high HLA-G or SPAG9 tumors, or a combination of both high HLA-G and SPAG9 expressing tumors, exhibited poor overall survival compared to their low HLA-G- and SPAG9-expressing tumor counterparts (SI Appendix, Fig. S12 A–F), with high SPAG9-expressing tumors yielding the most significant effect on overall survival in the two datasets analyzed (SI Appendix, Fig. S12 B and E). Here, HLA-G is linked to lung carcinoma.