A previous ex vivo study revealed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with blood serum from the sepsis patients showed increased endothelial monolayer permeability in relation to the elevated serum level of high mobility group box (HMGB)-1 [19] that is known to be increased in the bloodstream of HF patients as well [20]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Sepsis.