Analysis of protein expression found most differentially expressed proteins were downregulated (88%) with TCM, compared to an upregulation of 59% when VEGF was used to stimulate angiogenesis – revealing that the induction of tumour angiogenesis does not rely on VEGF alone.17 This highlighted the importance of using the appropriate tumour-derived angiogenic stimuli when seeking to recapitulate tumour angiogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.