TNF and retinal degeneration: There is a strong correlation between DIM-conserved markers in the brain and the proinflammatory molecules known to be cytotoxic in retinal degeneration, including Il-1α, Il-1β, Tnf-α, and Tlr4, as well as NO and ROS production (Silverman and Wong, 2018; Alqawlaq et al., 2019; Wooff et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2020; Baudouin et al., 2021; Coyle et al., 2021).