Interestingly, the detrimental effect of monocyte-derived macrophages may be regulated by TGF-β, as it has been shown that TGF-β-deficient monocytes drive fatal demyelinating disease following engraftment in the spinal cord, with strong up-regulation of disease-associated molecules including Lgals3 (Lund et al., 2018a). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and demyelinating disease.