TNF and glaucoma: Importantly, APOE4 microglia strongly suppressed proinflammatory mediators such as Lgals3, Tnf-α, and Ccl2 despite IOP elevation, while maintaining expression of homeostatic genes such as Cx3cr1 and Csf1r. These results may provide mechanistic understanding for the observed association between the APOE4 allele and decreased risk of glaucoma in the human population (Mabuchi et al., 2005; Lam et al., 2006; Margeta et al., 2020).