The schematic diagram in Figure 3J summarizes the results from Figures 1-3, showing how primary PCa promotes the transformation of distal OBs into PCa-OBs and is accompanied by increasing levels of WISP-1 expression in the bone microenvironment, subsequently triggering PCa cell migratory and invasive activities via EMT activation. This evidence concerns the gene CCN4 and posterior cortical atrophy.