In addition, SL-XM blocked the upregulation of phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, P65, JNK, ERK and P38 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and the ankle tissue of CIA mouse model, suggesting SL-XM may exert its anti-RA effect by inhibits M1 macrophage polarization through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. Here, CHUK is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.