The NOD, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3/NALP3) inflammasome is an intracytoplasmic sensor that assembles into a protein complex within inflammatory cells upon infection (PAMPs) or tissue damage (DAMPs), leading to maturation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β [13,30,31]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infection.