Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors are found in patients with DM and they increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the activation of the nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α (Indyk et al., 2021). Here, NFKB1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.