AMFR and hepatocellular carcinoma: PHI binds to its receptor, Mr 78,000 glycoprotein (gp78), and promotes matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) secretion, adhesion, and motility, thus enhancing the invasive ability of HCC cell lines, enabling them to penetrate Matrigel® (Corning Life Sciences, Corning, NY, USA) by activating β1 integrins (90).