Differential expression of these cytokine subunits may be due to heterogeneity of their primary cellular resources (IL12p40 from macrophages, IL12p35 and IL23p19 from non-hematopoietic epithelial cells or endothelial cells, see Figure S5 and S6) and heterodimeric interactions among various IL12 family cytokine subunits (47) during COVID-19 inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene IL23A and COVID-19.