CX3CL1 and diabetes mellitus: Several studies have shown that CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 are upregulated in the kidneys of patients with diabetes, accompanied by an increase in urea, creatinine, A/C ratio, HbA1C, and IgG; however, the concrete mechanism of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 recruiting T cells requires further exploration in DKD (93).