We found evidence that, overall, CTLA-4+ cells had a lower total infection frequency of HIV-1 in the lymph node compared to DN cells (p=0.006), PD-1+ cells (p=0.001) and DP cells (p=0.0002) within this data (Figure 6A), with evidence that these differences varied across participants for PD-1+ vs CTLA-4+ (participant effect modification p=0.03) and DN vs CTLA-4+ (participant effect modification p=0.05) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and infection.