TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In this study (118), a higher risk of obesity was found in older participants (≥ 40 years) with the “AA” genotypes of APOB SNP rs512535 (Pinteraction = 0.004) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFA) SNP rs361525 (Pinteraction = 0.007) with low levels of ME.