The expression of various latency-associated genes of M. tuberculosis was studied, including hspX, tgs1, tgs3, and tgs5. The gene expression of the tgs1 and tgs5 was found to be 3.8-fold and 2.6-fold upregulated, respectively, in the latent TB group as compared to the active TB group, and no significant change was observed in the expression of the hspX gene after 4 weeks of infection (Figures 3A–C). The gene discussed is TGS1; the disease is infection.