MMP-2 is causative for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is derived from weak mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α, and weak protein expression of IL-6 and less overgrowth of the colonic lumen by potentially pro-inflammatory enterobacteria from the commensal gut microbiota (197). This evidence concerns the gene MMP2 and inflammatory bowel disease.