In glioma, macrophages and microglia are recruited to the tumor site by glioma-derived chemoattractant factors such as colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2; also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MCP-1), fractalkine (CX3CL1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (30–33). Here, VEGFA is linked to central nervous system cancer.