Over the past few years, accumulating research has identified the dual functions of CEBPD as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer but an oncogene in glioblastoma and UC, relying on the tumor microenvironment and cell types (27, 33–36). Here, CEBPD is linked to breast cancer.