Interestingly, heterozygous germline mutations in TRAF3 (premature stop codon mutations) were recently identified in 9 patients from five unrelated families, causing an immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by recurrent bacterial infection, autoimmunity, systemic inflammation, B cell lymphoproliferation, and hypergammaglobulinemia (14). The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is Autoimmunity.