GIPR and diabetes mellitus: However, recent data from preclinical and clinical studies appear to contradict these assumptions regarding the role of GIPR in diabetes, as GIPR agonists have been shown to improve glucose tolerance and reduce body weight in T2D patients (10), and dual GLP-1R/GIPR targeting peptides, such as the recently developed tirzepatide, have demonstrated enhanced efficacy compared with currently approved GLP-1R agonist monotherapies (11).