Moreover, genes expressed in exhausted tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells [19] were upregulated in LM patients, such as GZMB, VCAM1, IFNG, CCL3, FASLG, MYO7A, STMN1, SAMSN1, and ITGAE (Additional file 3: Table S5). Here, VCAM1 is linked to lymphangioma.