Among the genomic biomarkers able to discriminate transformed tumours (hEMT, MES) from the epithelial state, we identified genes that have been previously linked with cell migration, invasion and EMT, such as RB1, VHL, ERBB2, ARHGAP26, PRDM1, APC (Fig. 3c, d, Supplementary Data 2, Supplementary Table 2). Here, VHL is linked to neoplasm.