PDK1 and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation: Along, upregulation of metabolism-related proteins required for glycolysis, including HK2, PFK1, PDK1, LDHA and GLUT1 were detected in human VICs both undergoing CAVD pathological stimulation in vivo and accepting IP-OM stimulation in vitro (Fig. 5F and G).