BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: The majority of cutaneous melanomas result from oncogenic driver mutations that lead to constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, with mutations of BRAF (B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, 40-50% of cases), NRAS (neuroblastoma ras viral oncogene, 20-30% of cases), or NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1, 10-15% of cases) [21].