In HCC, monocyte-derived CXCL2 and CXCL8 can recruit peripheral neutrophils to TME and sustain their survival [25], and tumor cells then educate the peripheral blood neutrophils to develop into CCL2 + or CCL17 + TANs via PI3K/Akt and p38/MAPK signaling pathways. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and hepatocellular carcinoma.