MAPK3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: On the other hand, reduced intratumoral MCs in HCC were found to be related to a larger tumor size and a higher recurrence rate after liver transplantation, and by introducing microRNAs into tumor cells to inhibit the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, MCs could prevent HCC metastasis, showing the anti-tumor properties of MCs [75, 79].