The NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular sensor that detects a broad range of microbial motifs, increases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β in the brain [33], promotes the aggregation of innate immune cells, such as microglia, initiates the downstream inflammatory cascade, and accelerates the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases [34]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.