PTPN11 and neurofibromatosis: Most RMS are sporadic, but the association of RMS with various germline syndromes of known origin such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and neurofibromatosis has implicated the genes p53, NF1, KRAS, NRAS, RAF1, PTPN11, SHOC2, and SOS10 in RMS development [13].