We found increased activation of MAPK/ERK, JAK2/STAT3, and PI3k/AKT signaling pathways in human leiomyoma cells as a result of adipocyte coculture, outlining the pathophysiological link between adipocyte hypertrophy in obesity and the development of uterine leiomyoma. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is leiomyoma.