The current study sought to determine whether (1) there is a link between taste perception (bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and umami) and chronobiological sleep and eating patterns, (2) there is a link between the selected relevant genetic variants (TAS2R38, FTO, and CLOCK polymorphisms) and sleep and eating patterns, and (3) the relationship between the selected SNPs and obesity phenotypes is modulated by sleep and eating patterns in the Mediterranean population. This evidence concerns the gene FTO and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.