Also, the transcriptional activity of enterocytes and regulation of innate immune-mediated inflammation in mice models has shown that administration of B. infantis downregulated the expression of IL8, IL6, TNFα, IL23, iNOS, and antimicrobial peptides and altered the expression of intestinal mucus-related proteins and led to the low incidence of NEC in animal models [137]. Here, TNF is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.