In addition, this study also investigated L. paracasei TISTR 2593 against hypercholesterolemia-related atherosclerosis via serum levels of oxidative stress status, inflammation cytokines, adiponectin, apolipoprotein E, total bile acids, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the serum of hypercholesterolemic subjects. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and Hypercholesterolemia.