TNF and irritable bowel syndrome: Our previous work highlighted the modulatory effects of CM enriched with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) on proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in induced IBS in a mice model [28].