TNF and Fever: Fever is an important symptom because it can result in a “cytokine storm”, in which IL-1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17, and18; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); IFN-y; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are released [37].