DDIT3 and lung carcinoma: Furthermore, a derivative of this fatty acid, called 4-hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester (HPO-DAEE), can drive human lung cancer cell line A549 to go into apoptosis via two cellular signaling pathways, namely CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and ROS-ERK-p38 [100].